Thyroid cancer is a type of cancer that develops when the cells that make up the thyroid gland undergo changes and transform into cancerous cells.
The majority of thyroid cancers are detected either as a palpable mass in the neck or through examinations and tests revealing nodules within the thyroid.
These nodules can vary in size, ranging from very small to encompassing the entire thyroid gland. Depending on whether the nodules secrete hormones or not, they are classified as hormone-active (hot) or hormone-inactive (cold). The likelihood of cancer is higher in hormone-inactive (cold) nodules compared to hormone-active (hot) nodules.
Following a fine-needle aspiration biopsy of the identified thyroid nodules, it is determined whether they are cancerous or not. Subsequently, the treatment is organized based on the diagnosis.
Thyroid cancers are typically diagnosed through fine needle aspiration biopsy of suspicious nodules detected during examinations and tests. Additionally, a diagnosis can be made based on masses in the neck noticed by patients themselves.
Thyroid cancers can manifest in various sizes and may be accompanied by symptoms such as difficulty breathing, difficulty swallowing, hoarseness, and neck pain. Any patient presenting with such symptoms should undergo examination and testing to determine whether these symptoms are attributable to thyroid cancer or not."
When diagnosed, thyroid cancer is a treatable disease with the correct treatment. However, if neglected by patients or if there is a delay in diagnosis, the cancer can initially spread to the neck lymph nodes. In such cases, beyond thyroid surgery, neck dissection may be added to the surgery, requiring the removal of lymph nodes in the neck.
In more advanced cases, metastasis to distant organs can occur. It is known that this spread (metastasis) not only complicates the patient's treatment but also shortens their lifespan. Therefore, thyroid cancer, which can be fully cured after surgery when diagnosed and treated promptly, can become more challenging to treat and may shorten the patient's life if there is a delay.
Thyroid cancer is a type of cancer that can metastasize if left untreated or if there is a delay in treatment. In thyroid cancers, a common site of metastasis is the neck lymph nodes.
If thyroid cancers are not treated or if there is a delay in treatment, distant organ metastases can occur. Distant organ metastasis is a significant factor that affects the patient's life. Metastases to distant organs are most commonly observed in organs such as the lungs, bones, and brain.
While thyroid cancer is a treatable disease when diagnosed and surgically treated, if left untreated, the disease can progress, leading to the spread of the cancer to neck lymph nodes and subsequently to distant organs (metastasis). This progression can shorten the lifespan of the thyroid cancer patient.
The most significant factors contributing to the loss of thyroid cancer patients are distant organ metastases observed after untreated thyroid cancer.
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Prof. Dr. Sezai AydınGeneral Surgery Turkey
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